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GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

QUESTIONS

1- What is the constituent elements of alcohol?
2- Which is the wetstern most district in india ?
3- The script of which language was described as ‘the Queen of World Scripts’ by Vinoba Bhave?
4- Who is called as ‘the Father of the Atomic Age’ ?
5- Which Indian scientist’s autobiography is ‘Years of Pilgrimage’?
6- What is measured by using a tonometer?
7- Who was the first winner of the United Nations Human Rights Medal ?

Answers

1. Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
2. Kucch ( Gujarat)
3. Kannada
4. Enrico Fermi
5. Raja Ramanna
6. Fluid pressure inside eyes
7. Nelson Mandela

Sunday, February 26, 2012

Projects


The field of synthetic biology
The field of synthetic biology is rapidly
growing and evolving as it establishes itself
in the scientific community. Consequently,
the emergence of synthetic biology has been
increasingly reported in the press of different
countries. At this early stage, it is worthwhile
to note that the coverage of synthetic
biology varies from country to country;
with some countries emphasizing potential
risks or benefits, others focusing on future
applications, and still others examining the
social and ethical concerns that might arise as
the technology is developed.



BioHydrogen Generation by Genetically Engineered
Microorganisms

Engineering a Direct Pathway for Hydrogen Generation


James Swartz, Professor, Chemical Engineering; Alfred M. Spormann, Associate
Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Biological Sciences, and Geological and
Environmental Sciences; Chia-Wei Wang, Postdoctoral Researcher, Chemical
Engineering; and Marcus Boyer and Keith Gneshin, Ph.D. Candidate Graduate
Researchers, Chemical Engineering
Introduction
The longterm goal for this project is to develop efficient and economical technology
for the biological conversion of solar energy into molecular hydrogen. The first portion
of the project (Part I) seeks to develop an organism/bioreactor system employing a
genetically engineered organism that is effective in the DIRECT conversion of sunlight to
hydrogen. The organism will use a shuttle protein, ferredoxin, to transfer electrons from
the reaction of water photolysis to the hydrogenase enzyme.
The following diagram (Figure 1) shows that this pathway is simple and short and
therefore offers attractive conversion efficiencies. The photosystem of a bacterium
such as Synechocystis captures sunlight and splits water to generate molecular oxygen,
protons, and mobilized electrons. These electrons are transferred to an electron carrying
protein, ferredoxin. We propose to introduce into the cyanobacterium a new hydrogenase
enzyme that will accept the electrons from ferredoxin and combine them with the protons
to make molecular hydrogen. However, the first and major problem is that existing
hydrogenase enzymes are inactivated by molecular oxygen. Thus, the initial focus is to
evolve a highly active hydrogenase to be resistant to inactivation by molecular oxygen.

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